Septic systems, also called onsite wastewater systems, are used to manage wastewater from homes. These systems can be simple or complex and need different levels of care. Taking good care of your septic system helps it last longer and prevents pollution of drinking water and the environment.
How a Septic System Works
In a septic system, wastewater from sinks, toilets, showers and washing machines goes into an underground septic tank. The tank holds the solids while liquid goes through drainage lines into the soil. In the soil, bacteria and other natural processes clean the water. If this system isn’t working properly, bacteria and viruses from human waste can get into drinking water or nearby recreational water, which can be a serious health risk.
Types of Septic Systems and Inspections
Most septic systems work with gravity, meaning they don’t need a pump; however, some systems have a pump or pretreatment part that requires regular inspection by Wake County Onsite Water Protection staff. If you have a system like this, you will get a notification letter before your inspection. Please pay attention to the notice and don’t throw it away. The inspection happens outside, and you don’t have to be home for it. You can also arrange for special scheduling if needed, such as by unlocking a gate or removing pets. After the inspection, you will be sent a report.
Wake County inspections are not set up by requests from residents. If your septic system is having problems, check out the Septic System Complaint/Report Form for help and to report the issue. For more information on licensed septic contractors, visit the North Carolina Onsite Wastewater Contractor Inspector Certification Board website.
Inspection Requirements Based on System Type
The frequency of inspections depends on the type of septic system you have. Here are the State-mandated inspection times for each type:
- Type IIIB – This system has one pump and is often found at homes. It must be inspected by Wake County staff once every five years.
- Type IV – These systems have more than one pump or use low-pressure drainage pipes. They require inspection by Wake County every three years.
- Type V – These systems use advanced treatment parts or other complex technologies. They need yearly inspections.
- Type VI – These systems handle more than 3,000 gallons of wastewater per day or use wastewater recycling technologies. They must be inspected twice a year.
*Per State mandate, Types IV, V and VI require the system owner to have a contract with a certified operator or licensed management company to handle maintenance. This is separate from the inspections done by Wake County.
Help for Repairs
If your inspection shows any problems, Wake County has programs to help low-income elderly and disabled residents who can’t afford repairs. These grants provide up to $20,000 and do not have to be paid back.
For more information, call 919-856-7400 or email OMcontact@wake.gov.